Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes, The 6 Points That Will Explain It For You

Symptoms of Gestational Diabetes - Learn the Symptoms before it is Too Late

Gestational diabetes is one in every of the 3 kinds of diabetes, except for kind one and kind a pair of. This afflicts non-diabetic pregnant girls throughout the fifth or sixth month of pregnancy (weeks twenty four and 28) and also the symptoms aren't typically specific and generally a similar with that of different diabetes.

As the amount of pregnancy progresses, the placenta that provides sustenance to the baby whereas within the mother's womb produces a lot of hormones. These hormones are blocking different hormones like prolactin, progesterone, cortisol, estrogen and lactogen ensuing to insulin resistance.

The result is gestational diabetes once the pancreas fails to provide the mandatory insulin to move the glucose (sugar) within the bloodstream to the muscle, fat and liver cells for body fuel. Gestational diabetes normally vanishes when giving birth however leaves the mother prone to kind a pair of diabetes.

Pregnant girls could expertise the common symptoms like:

• Frequent urination
• Abrupt weight gain
• continually feeling tired
• Dizziness particularly when standing up
• Feeling hungry most of the time
• Blurred vision
• Urinary tract and vaginal infections

Quite variety of pregnant girls are stricken by gestational diabetes starting from three-dimensional to five. the ladies who have the foremost risk factors are people who are:
1. over thirty years previous at the time of pregnancy,
2. littered with overweight or obesity
3. With a family background of diabetes
4. With history of getting given birth to a baby over nine pounds
5. With history of getting given birth to a baby with birth defect
6. Ascertained to possess lots of amniotic fluid,
7. With gestational diabetes in previous pregnancy
8. With high blood pressure

If the symptoms of gestational diabetes are already gift, it are often diagnosed via glucose tolerance check beginning on week twenty four through week twenty eight or on the thirteenth week if the doctor sees that there's a risk that gestational diabetes can develop.

The glucose tolerance check needs the expectant mother to drink an answer of glucose (sugar). Blood are going to be taken from the arm's vein for checking of blood glucose level. it's assumed that no gestational diabetes exists if the blood glucose level is a smaller amount than one hundred forty mg/dl. On the opposite hand, if it's higher, a three-hour glucose tolerance check is required.

The expectant mother are going to be allowed to eat one hundred fifty grams of carbohydrates, at the smallest amount, 3 days before the check. the target is to induce the fasting glucose level which can be compared with the traditional blood sugar level to arrive at a conclusion whether or not there's gestational diabetes or not.

If any pregnant lady suspects that she has the symptoms of gestational diabetes, she ought to immediately head to her doctor for correct medical check-up. Gestational diabetes isn't life-threatening and may be treated by having a planned diet, exercise, potential daily insulin injection, maintaining a perfect pregnancy weight and constant monitoring of glucose level.

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Pregnancy Complications: The Dangers of Unmanaged Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes may be a condition that happens to a girl throughout pregnancy and therefore the disease accounts for roughly but five-hitter of all pregnancies within the us. The pregnancy manages to trigger factors which will eventually result in gestational diabetes if the lady isn't careful in monitoring her health. ladies who have diabetes even before they get pregnant are completely different from those that develop gestational diabetes after they get pregnant.

It is so necessary that each one pregnant mother participate in screening round the twenty fifth to twenty eighth week of pregnancy unless they're of known to be of upper risk when earlier consultation with obstetric team / diabetes management team at from 12-14 weeks is vital.

The impact Of Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes could also be only for a restricted quantity of your time however it will have an effect on the health of the fetus or the mother if it's left untreated and unmanaged. There are many negative health implications for the fetus specifically if blood sugar levels stay uncontrolled throughout the pregnancy. Primarily the baby will suffer from many metabolic health complications. A condition referred to as macrosomia is common as a results of unmanaged blood sugar levels among newly born kids. Macrosomia means that the baby is born with an extraordinarily high birth weight and it's going to cause complications throughout delivery. as an example, if your baby is incredibly giant, you will have a tougher delivery otherwise you may have a cesarean section.

Shortly once delivery, your baby might also have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) as a result of his body can still be manufacturing additional insulin in response to receiving additional glucose from you. Low blood sugar will cause many health complications for the baby and is typically treated within the hospital with either a high glucose drink or injection. ‘Respiratory Distress Syndrome' or alternative respiratory issues occur frequently during a kid whose mother was diagnosed with gestational diabetes similarly. A minor complication referred to as jaundice, that is characterised by the slight discoloration of the baby's eyes and skin, is additionally common.

What am i able to do if I even have gestational diabetes?

It's necessary that you simply management your blood sugar level. Controlling and monitoring blood glucose levels ought to be the cornerstone of any diabetes management regiment for ladies diagnosed with gestational diabetes. ladies ought to use a blood glucose take a look ating meter and test their blood sugar frequently, many times on a daily basis.

You will manage gestational diabetes by eating healthy foods, exercising frequently and, if necessary, taking medication. Taking excellent care of yourself will facilitate guarantee a healthy pregnancy for you and a healthy begin for your baby.

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Gestational diabetes Causes, Symptoms, Cure or Treatment

Gestational diabetes could be a condition characterised by high blood glucose (sugar) levels that's initial recognized throughout pregnancy. regarding seven p.c of all pregnant ladies within the U.S. are diagnosed with gestational diabetes.

most girls who have gestational diabetes provide birth to healthy babies, particularly once they management their blood sugar, eat a healthy diet, exercise, and keep a healthy weight.

Diagnosis

A glucose screening take a look at is sometimes performed between twenty four and twenty eight weeks of pregnancy, that involves drinking a glucose drink followed by measurement of glucose levels once a one-hour interval.
If this take a look at shows an increased blood sugar level, another take a look at are performed once a couple of days of following a special diet. The second take a look at conjointly involves drinking a glucose drink, and results are measured at three-hour intervals.

Causes

because the pregnancy progresses, the mothers energy desires increase. as well as this, the placenta produces hormones that facilitate the baby grow and develop. These hormones conjointly block the action of the mothers insulin. this is often known as insulin resistance. The pregnant lady desires additional insulin therefore the glucose will get from the blood into the cells where it's used for energy. From regarding twenty four weeks, insulin desires in pregnancy may be 2 or thrice on top of normally needed. If the body is unable to satisfy this demand, then diabetes develops. When the pregnancy is over and therefore the insulin desires come to traditional, the diabetes sometimes disappears.
Symptoms

Generally, gestational diabetes doesn't cause any symptoms. delicate signs, like fatigue or excessive thirst and urination, could generally occur, however many ladies while not gestational diabetes conjointly expertise these changes late in pregnancy. as a result of the condition can't be diagnosed on the premise of the mothers symptoms, glucose testing should be done to detect it.

Cure and Treatment

The cure for gestational diabetes is that the cessation of these hormones that block it. This solely happens when the patient provides birth, which can be many weeks from the time it absolutely was detected. ladies who are predisposed ought to be checked early for his or her levels of glucose, lest they be littered with gestational diabetes. If you're diagnosed to own gestational diabetes, you're suggested to lower down your blood glucose levels by eating a healthy diet. this suggests that the carbohydrates that you simply eat ought to be restricted to be ready to maintain traditional blood glucose levels. Exercise is additionally urged as a part of the daily routine to lower blood sugar though it's not suggested in high risk pregnancies. The glucose levels within the blood ought to be monitored a minimum of thrice on a daily basis, once each meal. For those taking insulin, they even have to check themselves before meals to be ready to keep blood glucose levels traditional.

A cure for Diabetes has not been found however. However, it may be controlled. ways that to regulate diabetes are: maintaining blood glucose levels, blood fat levels and weight. Controlling diabetes is extremely necessary and may be supervised by a medical doctor. When diabetes is controlled, it'll facilitate stop serious complications such as: infections, kidney injury, eye damage, nerve injury to feet and heart disease.

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Diet for Gestational Diabetes - Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention Advice

Diet for gestational diabetes, this text is concerning the foremost appropriate diet for ladies laid low with this rare disease, however it conjointly offers data on the symptoms and causes, at the side of the treatment and prevention.

Diet

• Start the day with atiny low protein breakfast, for instance eggs (not fried), brown bread and peanut butter
• Follow this with atiny low protein meal when three or four hours, perhaps skinned fish, lean meat, eggs, nuts, cottage cheese, peanut butter
• Plenty of fruit, inexperienced and leafy vegetables
• Milk ought to be taken carefully and ideally ought to be skimmed
• Sugar, sweeteners, sweets, pied, cakes, pastries, soft and fizzy drinks, marmalade and jams and cornstarch ought to be avoided,
• Definitely not allowed are all junk foods, packaged meals, frozen foods, canned fish and soup, butter, cheese, mayonnaise, margarine and thick and bitter cream.
• Avoid cooking oils by steaming, baking grilling or boiling

Causes of Heart Attacks

Signs of Heart Attacks

What Causes Heart Attacks

Part of this diet for gestational diabetes is lots of exercise

Symptoms
if truth be told symptoms for this kind of diabetes are rare however they embody, increased thirst, a desire to urinate frequently, and extreme tiredness.  Checking  urine for glucose could be a routine antenatal check and every one mothers to be ought to have their blood sugar levels checked between twenty six and thirty weeks  into pregnancy.  Is such a check identifies a raised glucose lever a a lot of detailed check is usually recommended.

Why some ladies develop gestational diabetes and a few do not  is unknown, however the chance is increased if there's a family  history of gestational diabetes, surprisingly if the mother to be has previously given birth to an outsized baby (eg over lb9 14), if there has previously been a still birth, the sufferer is overweight or obese or has polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Treatment  of Gestational Diabetes
Sufferers are going to be spoken a specialist clinic and can have a lot of frequent antenatal appointments.  Blood sugar levers should be controlled which implies regular check of blood sugar (glucose) levels and a fastidiously planned diet along the lines of the one already printed.  Regular however moderate intensity exercise like walking or cycling will facilitate to scale back blood sugar levers. concerning half-hour each day that gets the patient slightly breathless is usually recommended by the Dept of Health.

Prevention
A healthy lifestyle reduces the chance of developing any type of diabetes, as will eat ing a balanced diet and taking  regular exercise and controlling weight that is a lot of simply achieved by following the diet for gestational diabetes.

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Gestational Diabetes Causes, Symptoms, Cure or Treatment

Gestational diabetes could be a condition characterised by high blood glucose (sugar) levels that's 1st recognized throughout pregnancy. concerning seven-membered of all pregnant ladies within the U.S. are diagnosed with gestational diabetes.

Most women who have gestational diabetes provide birth to healthy babies, particularly once they management their blood sugar, eat a healthy diet, exercise, and keep a healthy weight.

Diagnosis

A glucose screening check is typically performed between twenty four and twenty eight weeks of pregnancy, that involves drinking a glucose drink followed by measurement of glucose levels when a one-hour interval.
If this check shows an increased blood sugar level, another check are performed when a couple of days of following a special diet. The second check additionally involves drinking a glucose drink, and results are measured at three-hour intervals.

Causes

As the pregnancy progresses, the mother's energy wants increase. as well as this, the placenta produces hormones that facilitate the baby grow and develop. These hormones additionally block the action of the mother's insulin. this can be known as insulin resistance. The pregnant lady wants further insulin that the glucose will get from the blood into the cells where it's used for energy. From concerning twenty four weeks, insulin wants in pregnancy is 2 or thrice on top of normally needed. If the body is unable to fulfill this demand, then diabetes develops. When the pregnancy is over and also the insulin wants come to traditional, the diabetes typically disappears.
Symptoms

Generally, gestational diabetes doesn't cause any symptoms. refined signs, like fatigue or excessive thirst and urination, might typically occur, however many ladies while not gestational diabetes additionally expertise these changes late in pregnancy. as a result of the condition can not be diagnosed on the idea of the mother's symptoms, glucose testing should be done to detect it.

Cure and Treatment

The cure for gestational diabetes is that the cessation of these hormones that block it. This solely happens when the patient offers birth, which can be many weeks from the time it absolutely was detected. ladies who are predisposed ought to be checked early for his or her levels of glucose, lest they be stricken by gestational diabetes. If you're diagnosed to own gestational diabetes, you're suggested to lower down your blood glucose levels by eating a healthy diet. this suggests that the carbohydrates that you simply eat ought to be restricted to be able to maintain traditional blood glucose levels. Exercise is additionally steered as a part of the daily routine to lower blood sugar though it's not counseled in high risk pregnancies. The glucose levels within the blood ought to be monitored a minimum of thrice daily, when each meal. For those taking insulin, they even have to check themselves before meals to be able to keep blood glucose levels traditional.

A cure for Diabetes has not been found however.  However, it is controlled. ways that to manage diabetes are: maintaining blood glucose levels, blood fat levels and weight.  Controlling diabetes is extremely vital and may be supervised by a medical doctor.  When diabetes is controlled, it'll facilitate stop serious complications such as: infections, kidney injury, eye damage, nerve injury to feet and heart disease.

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Understand Different Types of Diabetes

There are mainly 3 varieties of diabetes. These include:
1. kind one diabetes or Insulin dependant diabetes
2. kind two or non insulin dependant diabetes
3. Gestational diabetes

Given below are the most 3 varieties of diabetes:
1. Type-1 Insulin-Dependant Diabetes

This is a really severe diabetes kind. It develops mainly when no or little insulin is made by the pancreas. while not insulin in blood stream, sugar fails to induce into the cells. It remains within the blood. individuals with this kind of diabetes got to rely plenty on the insulin injections for regulating their metabolism.
1. Type-2 Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes

This type of diabetes is additionally referred to as adult onset diabetes. It terribly rarely develops before forty years older. However, the prevalence is also seen at any stage. this kind of diabetes is incredibly commonly seen within the adolescents. but the symptoms are terribly gentle. might|they'll|they will} be unnoticeable and also the condition may stay undetected for a really long amount of your time.
There is one common consider each these varieties of diabetes. This common issue is that the elevated levels of blood sugar. However, kind two diabetes isn't an immune system disease like kind one diabetes. Insulin is employed by individuals with kind one diabetes. individuals with kind two diabetes realize it terribly troublesome to regulate and reverse the disease. this can be doable with a mix of correct weight management, adequate exercise and applicable diet.
1. Gestational diabetes

This is a brief style of insulin resistance. The prevalence of this can be mainly found halfway through pregnancy. This results when hormone production is incredibly excess within the body. generally the pancreas aren't ready to build insulin production that is required throughout pregnancy in ladies. If insulin isn't enough, sugar could build up within the blood to high levels. This condition disappears when childbirth. this kind of diabetes is sometimes seen in later stages of pregnancy.  The growing fetus is supported by the placenta and hence hormones are made. These hormones then interfere with the mother's insulin manufacturing ability.  An early management over gestational diabetes is incredibly essential for preventing the exposure of baby to excess glucose.

When there's an excessive amount of glucose within the womb, it results into a fat baby. generally it additionally results in issues like kind two in adulthood and obesity.  All pregnant ladies should get themselves tested for gestational diabetes between twenty fourth and twenty eighth week of pregnancy. Early treatment of gestational diabetes should be started for preventing adverse effects on mother and baby.

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Discover How to Control and Treat Diabetes - 30 Topics

Diabetes could be a disease within which the body is unable to properly use the sugar referred to as glucose to fuel our bodies for energy and growth the body wants. just about all of the food we have a tendency to consume is de-escalated into glucose sugar that enters into the bloodstream. The pancreas produces insulin that takes the glucose from the bloodstream into body cells, where it's then used for body fuel. If the pancreas does not turn out enough insulins or the cells do not use insulin properly, the glucose builds up within the bloodstream whereas the cells that fuel the body are starved of energy. Overtime, if not treated diabetes will result in serious health complications like risk for heart disease, kidney renal disease, blindness, and nerve issues.

There are 3 kinds of diabetes. sort one and a pair of diabetes and gestational
diabetes.

Type one diabetes:

Type one of diabetes is additional serious than sort two diabetes, in that the pancreas will not turn out insulin, that management blood sugar (glucose) leading to having to require insulin shots or alternative medication for diabetes. typically observed as juvenile diabetes, sort one diabetes, though developing most frequently in kids and teenagers, sort one diabetes will occur at any age. Early diagnosis is crucial in preventing alternative serious complications caused by diabetes disease and also the effects of diabetes, like heart disease, chronic kidney disease, being blind, nerve injury, and high blood pressure level. Some symptoms for diabetes are:
* Loss of weight
* Fatique-no energy
* Excessive thirst
* Increase in appetite
* Vision eyesight blurred
* Frequent urinating

Type two diabetes:

Type two of diabetes is that the additional common kind of diabeties and though there's no cure for sort two diabetes it will typically be controlled by losing weight and obtaining rid of excess fat, exercise, and eating healthy foods. Those with sort two diabetes are able to produce insulin; but, the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin for a healthy blood sugar level or a traditional glucose vary to enter body cells to be used for self energy. a number of the diabetes risk factors related to sort two diabetes are:

* Genetic ancestry: If a parent or sibling has diabetes 2 the danger is higher for one more loved one of obtaining the disease.

* Being overweight

* sort two diabetes will increase with age forty five and up

* Race or ethnic background. the danger of sort two diabetes is larger in Africans, Latin Americans, Native Americans and Asians

* Non active. Health and fitness exercise is very important for keeping sort two diabetes underneath management

* Elevated blood pressure

Gestational diabetes: what's gestational diabetes?

Gestational diabetes, typically referred to as glucose intolerance pregnancy, affects girls who have high blood glucose levels throughout pregnancy. Usually, for many girls there aren't any signs of symptoms. most ladies are routinely screened between twenty four and twenty eight weeks of pregnancy with a gestational diabetes take a look ating glucose screening test. Screening is sometimes done by what is referred to as the oral glucose tolerance take a look at. This take a look at measures blood sugar glucose to ascertain if the body is handling the breaking down of blood sugars. Controlling gestational diabetes contains diet & nutrition and exercise.

With anyone of those diabetes varieties, controlling diabetes with diet, exercise and keeping blood glucose levels as near traditional as attainable is crucial for a diabetic.

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Gestational Diabetes

The Jelly Bean Study

One of the foremost vital elements of diagnosing gestational diabetes, is that the screening method. One check that has become well-liked, within the screening method, involve the employment of jelly beans for gestational diabetes. Since many ladies to not see specific symptoms of this disease, diagnosis will be tough. And since there's no sure reason for gestational diabetes, it's laborious to attach the dots between symptoms and this condition.

Yes, caring for gestational diabetes when pregnant, is vital, that is why testing is completed. There are variety of tests that are a district of the screening. These are used basically, to work out whether or not there are inappropriately high levels of glucose in a very pregnant woman's blood samples. These tests fall below the road of the non-challenge style of glucose tests.

The checks embrace a fasting glucose test, a 2-hour postprandial glucose check, and a random glucose check. The postprandial check focuses on the state of the pregnant woman's blood when she has eaten. Then there's typically a screen glucose challenge check performed. within the past there are issues with this testing. Some pregnant ladies became nauseated or vomited, throughout one element of the screening.

This was typically the portion where they were expected to drink a thick, sweet cola like drink. several of those ladies had issues keeping this drink down, that effected the testing method. Prompted by these troubles in determining gestational diabetes, the yank Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology stepped in.

The yank Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology did a study on ladies who consumed this previous cola like drink. They conjointly checked out them as compared to ladies who consumed jelly beans for getational diabetes testing. This study was terribly specific in its criteria. within the study there have been specific styles of jelly beans for gestational diabetes areused. They used jelly beans for gestational diabetes studies,made by the Brach & Brock company. They conjointly used a precise range of jelly beans for gestational diabetes results.

In the standard check, 50mg of oral glucose is employed. this can be administered within the sweet cola liquid. They found that anywhere from ten to fifteen of pregnant ladies vomited when drinking this liquid. So, the jelly bean various entered the image. within the study ladies got eighteen jelly beans to eat. Use of this specific complete ofcandy, it equals the quantity of glucose, required within the screening method.

The ancient check needed a precise amount of your time, before results may be checked. These pregnant ladies would be given tests, requiring a particular time interval for results. however ladies who got the jelly bean check, results may be checked among two minutes of eating them. A venous plasma glucose price reading may be determined. This check not like those of the past did not have to attend thanks to time restraints. The results of those tests permit you to specialize in caring for gestational diabetes when pregnant, when receiving a diagnosis.

The jelly beans for gestational diabetes test did need attention on whether or not a girl had eaten, or perhaps when her last meal was. The study found that this check was a hit and will be used rather than the cola drink.

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Blood Glucose Screening During Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes may be a kind of diabetes that solely pregnant girls get. With this disease, changes in your body throughout pregnancy cause your blood sugar (glucose) to be too high. A blood sugar level that is too high will cause issues for you and your baby. this can be a heavy condition, however it will be controlled.

Who Is in danger of Gestational Diabetes?

You are at high risk if 2 or additional of the subsequent apply to you. you're at average risk if only 1 of the subsequent apply to you. you're at low risk if none of the subsequent apply to you.

• You are Hispanic, African yank, Native yank, or Pacific Islander.
• You weigh quite your doctor says is healthy for you.
• You have a relative with diabetes.
• You are older than age twenty five.
• You had gestational diabetes throughout a past pregnancy.
• You had a stillbirth or a awfully massive baby before.
• You have a history of abnormal glucose tolerance.

What Happens throughout a Screening

• When you're screened depends on your level of risk for gestational diabetes. girls at low risk might not be tested unless they begin to own issues. girls at average risk are tested at twenty four to twenty-eight weeks of pregnancy. girls at high risk could also be tested once they 1st learn they're pregnant, and once more at twenty four to twenty-eight weeks.
• To do the screening, a blood sample is taken and your blood sugar level is measured.
• If the results show a high blood sugar level, a glucose tolerance take a look at could also be ordered. This take a look at measures the number of your time it takes for sugar to depart your blood. you will be told to prevent eating ten hours before this take a look at.

What to understand If You take a look at Positive

• Gestational diabetes is treatable. the most effective thanks to management gestational diabetes is to seek out out you have got it as early as possible and begin treatment quickly.
• Gestational diabetes will cause issues for the mother throughout pregnancy. It also can cause issues with the baby throughout pregnancy, delivery, and after. however treating gestational diabetes greatly lowers the probabilities that issues can develop.
• The changes in your body that cause gestational diabetes normally occur solely once you are pregnant. when the baby is born, your body goes back to traditional and also the condition goes away. you will be additional seemingly to own sort two diabetes later, though. therefore visit your doctor concerning ways that to assist stop sort two diabetes.

Treating Gestational Diabetes

• You'll ought to check your blood sugar level frequently. you may possibly try this at home by pricking your finger and checking a drop of blood on a glucose monitor. This device measures your blood sugar level. Your healthcare supplier can show you the way to visualize, when to visualize, and discuss a target blood sugar level with you.
• To manage your blood sugar, you may be given a special set up. This set up can seemingly involve coming up with your meals and obtaining regular exercise. Some girls ought to take a hormone known as insulin to assist management their blood sugar.

Discover How you'll Treat Infertility Naturally, while not medicine or Surgery

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Diabetes, The 6 Points That Will Explain It For You

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which patients present with absolute or relative insulin deficiency. It effects about 6% of western populations and is a major contributing factor for heart attacks, strokes, kidney failure and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetes mellitus is also the leading cause of new blindness.



1. Types of Diabetes

There are four forms of the disease, classified as: types 1 and 2, gestational and other specific types.



a. Type 1 Diabetes

In people with type 1 diabetes the pancreas is not producing insulin, so blood glucose levels are higher than normal. People with this form of diabetes require daily insulin therapy to survive. This form is further split into idiopathic diabetes and immune mediated diabetes.



Type 1 accounts for around 10% to 15% of all people with diabetes. It is one of the most serious and common chronic diseases of childhood, with about half of the people with this form of diabetes developing the disease before age 18. It is also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile-onset diabetes.



b. Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is marked by reduced levels of insulin (insulin deficiency) and/or the inability of the body to use insulin properly (insulin resistance). This form of the disease is most common among people aged 40 years and over and accounts for 85% to 90% of all people with diabetes. Most people with type 2 diabetes are obese.



c. Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy in about 3% to 8% of females not previously diagnosed with diabetes. It is a temporary form of diabetes and usually disappears after the baby is born. However, it is a marker of much greater risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life. Screening tests for gestational diabetes are usually performed around the 24th-28th week of pregnancy.



d. Other Specific Diabetes Types

This includes people who have diabetes as a result of a genetic defect, or exposure to certain drugs or chemicals.

2. Causes of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes is caused by resistance to, or deficient production of, the hormone insulin, which helps glucose move from the blood into the cells.



In type 1 immune mediated diabetes, pancreatic beta cell destruction results in failure to release insulin and ineffective transport of glucose. There is no known cause for idiopathic diabetes.



In type 2 diabetes, the beta cells release insulin but, receptors are insulin resistant and glucose transport is variable and inefficient. Some people may have conditions that can cause diabetes, such as Cushing's syndrome, pancreatitis or liver disease.



Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include;



a. Obesity

b. History of Gestational diabetes

c. Lack of physical activity

d. Hypertension

e. Age 45+

f. Ethnic groupings other than anglo-saxon

g. Low HDL cholesterol levels

h. Impaired glucose tolerance

i. Family history



3. Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes

Symptoms of diabetes include; dehydration, unexplained weight loss, excessive thirst, frequent need to urinate, fatigue, lethargy, severe irritation and itching, excessive hunger, blurred vision, skin and urinary infections and vaginitis.



4. Diagnosis

Diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance may be detected on routine blood tests as part of a general health check up or investigation for other symptoms or diseases. Diabetes tests check blood glucose levels.



Fasting blood glucose levels are classified as:

Normal: less than 100 mg/dl

Prediabetes: 100 to 125 mg/dl

Diabetes: greater than 125mg/dl



Because symptoms can be mild, diabetes is often detected when a person suffers a problem that is caused by diabetes, such as a heart attack, stroke, neuropathy, poor wound healing or a foot ulcer, certain eye problems, certain fungal infections, or delivering a baby with macrosomia or hypoglycemia.



5. Diabetes Treatment

Effective treatment endeavors to normalize blood glucose and reduce complications using insulin replacement, diet and exercise. For those with very mild diabetes, diet plus weight loss plus exercise may be enough to keep blood glucose within reasonable levels.



Dietary changes should focus on the ideas of weight loss and blood sugar regulation by keeping the blood sugar levels relatively stable throughout the day, avoiding big peaks or troughs.



The principal treatment of type 1 diabetes, even from its earliest stages, is replacement of insulin combined with careful monitoring of blood glucose levels using blood testing monitors.



Type 2 diabetes may require oral anti-diabetic drugs to stimulate body insulin production and increase insulin sensitivity. Various forms of natural supplements for diabetes treatment have also been postulated as effective.



People with unstable diabetes, or those requiring many injections a day, may benefit from an insulin pump which is worn on the body and delivers a continuous infusion of insulin via a needle implanted into the body.



Gestational diabetes is fully treatable but requires careful medical supervision throughout the pregnancy. Even though it may be transient, untreated gestational diabetes can damage the health of the fetus or the mother.



Treatment for all forms of diabetes need not significantly impair normal activities, if sufficient patient training, awareness, appropriate care, discipline in testing and dosing of insulin is taken



6. Complications

Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of adult kidney failure worldwide in the developed world. If undetected or poorly controlled, diabetes can lead to blindness, kidney failure, lower limb amputation, heart attack, stroke and impotence.

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Diabetes (Type 1, 2, and Gestational)

What is type 1 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes may also be known by a variety of other names, including the following:

• insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
• juvenile diabetes
• brittle diabetes
• sugar diabetes

There are two forms of type 1 diabetes:

• idiopathic type 1 diabetes - refers to rare forms of the disease with no known cause.
• immune-mediated diabetes - an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system destroys, or attempts to destroy, the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin.

Immune-mediated diabetes is the most common form of type 1 diabetes, and the one generally referred to as type 1 diabetes. The information on this page refers to this form of type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5 to 10 percent of all diagnosed cases of diabetes in the US. Type 1 diabetes usually develops in children or young adults, but can start at any age.

What causes type 1 diabetes?

The cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown, but it is believed that genetic and environmental factors (possibly viruses) may be involved. The body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin producing cells in the pancreas. Insulin allows glucose to enter the cells of the body to provide energy.

When glucose cannot enter the cells, it builds up in the blood and the body's cells literally starve to death. People with type 1 diabetes must take daily insulin injections and regularly monitor their blood sugar levels.

What are the symptoms of type 1 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes often appears suddenly. The following are the most common symptoms of type 1 diabetes. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

• high levels of sugar in the blood when tested
• high levels of sugar in the urine when tested
• unusual thirst
• frequent urination
• extreme hunger but loss of weight
• blurred vision
• nausea and vomiting
• extreme weakness and fatigue
• irritability and mood changes

In children, symptoms may be similar to those of having the flu.

The symptoms of type 1 diabetes may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis.

What complications may be associated with type 1 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes can cause many different problems. However, the three key complications of diabetes include the following:

1. hypoglycemia - low blood sugar; sometimes called an insulin reaction; occurs when blood sugar drops too low.
2. hyperglycemia - high blood sugar; occurs when blood sugar is too high, and can be a sign that diabetes is not well controlled.
3. ketoacidosis - diabetic coma; loss of consciousness due to untreated or under-treated diabetes.

Treatment for type 1 diabetes:

Specific treatment for type 1 diabetes will be determined by your physician based on:

• your age, overall health, and medical history
• extent of the disease
• your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
• expectations for the course of the disease
• your opinion or preference

People with type 1 diabetes must have daily injections of insulin to keep their blood sugar level within normal ranges. Other parts of the treatment protocol may include:

• appropriate diet (to manage blood sugar levels)
• exercise (to lower and help the body use blood sugar)
• careful self-monitoring of blood sugar levels several times a day, as directed by your physician
• careful self-monitoring of ketone levels in the urine several times a day, as directed by your physician
• regular monitoring of the hemoglobin A1c levels
  
  The hemoglobin A1c test (also called HbA1c test) shows the average amount of sugar in the blood over the last three months. The result will indicate if the blood sugar level is under control. The frequency of HbA1c testing will be determined by your physician. It is recommended that testing occur at least twice a year if the blood sugar level is in the target range and stable, and more frequently if the blood sugar level is unstable.

Advances in diabetes research have led to improved methods of managing diabetes and treating its complications. However, scientists continue to explore the causes of diabetes and ways to prevent and treat the disorder. Other methods of administering insulin through inhalers and pills are currently being studied. Scientists are investigating gene involvement in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and some genetic markers for type 1 diabetes have been identified. Pancreas transplants are also being performed.

What is type 2 diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder resulting from the body's inability to make enough, or to properly use, insulin. It used to be called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

Without adequate production or utilization of insulin, the body cannot move blood sugar into the cells. It is a chronic disease that has no known cure. It is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for 90 to 95 percent of diabetes cases.

What is prediabetes?

In prediabetes, blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be defined as diabetes. However, many people with prediabetes develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years, states the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Prediabetes also increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. With modest weight loss and moderate physical activity, people with prediabetes can delay or prevent type 2 diabetes.

What causes type 2 diabetes?

The exact cause of type 2 diabetes is unknown. However, there does appear to be a genetic factor which causes it to run in families. And, although a person can inherit a tendency to develop type 2 diabetes, it usually takes another factor, such as obesity, to bring on the disease.

Prevention or delay of onset of type 2 diabetes:

Type 2 diabetes may be prevented or delayed by following a program to eliminate or reduce risk factors - particularly losing weight and increasing exercise. Information gathered by the Diabetes Prevention Program, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and the American Diabetes Association, continues to study this possibility.

What are the symptoms of type 2 diabetes?

The following are the most common symptoms of type 2 diabetes. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

• frequent infections that are not easily healed
• high levels of sugar in the blood when tested
• high levels of sugar in the urine when tested
• unusual thirst
• frequent urination
• extreme hunger but loss of weight
• blurred vision
• nausea and vomiting
• extreme weakness and fatigue
• irritability and mood changes
• dry, itchy skin
• tingling or loss of feeling in the hands or feet

Some people who have type 2 diabetes exhibit no symptoms. Symptoms may be mild and almost unnoticeable, or easy to confuse with signs of aging. Half of all Americans who have diabetes do not know it.

The symptoms of type 2 diabetes may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis.

What are the risk factors for type 2 diabetes?

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include the following:

• age
  
  People over the age of 45 are at higher risk for diabetes.
• family history of diabetes
• being overweight
• not exercising regularly
• race and ethnicity
  
  Being a member of certain racial and ethnic groups, such as African-Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans increases the risk for type 2 diabetes.
• history of gestational diabetes, or giving birth to a baby that weighed more than 9 pounds
• a low level HDL (high-density lipoprotein - the "good cholesterol")
• a high triglyceride level

Treatment for type 2 diabetes:

Specific treatment for type 2 diabetes will be determined by your physician based on:

• your age, overall health, and medical history
• extent of the disease
• your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
• expectations for the course of the disease
• your opinion or preference

The goal of treatment is to keep blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible. Emphasis is on control of blood sugar (glucose) by monitoring the levels, regular physical activity, meal planning, and routine healthcare. Treatment of diabetes is an ongoing process of management and education that includes not only the person with diabetes, but also healthcare professionals and family members.

Often, type 2 diabetes can be controlled through losing weight, improved nutrition, and exercise alone. However, in some cases, these measures are not enough and either oral medications and/or insulin must be used. Treatment often includes:

• proper diet
• weight control
• an appropriate exercise program
• regular foot inspections
• oral medications, other medications, and/or insulin replacement therapy, as directed by your physician
  
  There are various types of medications that may be used to treat type 2 diabetes when lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, and weight loss are not effective. Oral medications of several different types are available, with each type working in a different manner to lower blood sugar. One medication may be combined with another one to improve blood sugar control. When oral medications are no longer effective, insulin may be required.
  
  
  
  New medications for treating diabetes are in development. GLP-1 agonists are one of the new types of medications. GLP-1 agonists work by stimulating insulin production by the pancreas, slowing the emptying of food from the stomach, and inhibiting the production of glucagon in the pancreas (glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that stimulates release of glucose by the liver). Byetta®, a GLP-1 agonist approved by the FDA in 2005, is given by injection.
• regular monitoring of the hemoglobin A1c levels
  
  The hemoglobin A1c test (also called HbA1c test) shows the average amount of sugar in the blood over the last three months. The result will indicate if the blood sugar level is under control. The frequency of HbA1c testing will be determined by your physician. It is recommended that testing occur at least twice a year if the blood sugar level is in the target range and stable, and more frequently if the blood sugar level is unstable.

Untreated or inappropriately-treated diabetes can cause problems with the kidneys, legs, feet, eyes, heart, nerves, and blood flow, which could lead to kidney failure, gangrene, amputation, blindness, or stroke. For these reasons, it is important to follow a strict treatment plan.

What is gestational diabetes?

Gestational diabetes is a condition in which the glucose level is elevated and other diabetic symptoms appear during pregnancy in a woman who has not previously been diagnosed with diabetes. All diabetic symptoms disappear following delivery.

Unlike type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes is not caused by a lack of insulin, but by blocking effects of other hormones on the insulin that is produced, a condition referred to as insulin resistance.

Approximately 7 percent of all pregnant women in the United States are diagnosed with gestational diabetes.

What causes gestational diabetes?

Although the cause of gestational diabetes is not known, there are some theories as to why the condition occurs.

The placenta supplies a growing fetus with nutrients and water, as well as produces a variety of hormones to maintain the pregnancy. Some of these hormones (estrogen, cortisol, and human placental lactogen) can have a blocking effect on insulin. This is called contra-insulineffect, which usually begins about 20 to 24 weeks into the pregnancy.

As the placenta grows, more of these hormones are produced, and insulin resistance becomes greater. Normally, the pancreas is able to make additional insulin to overcome insulin resistance, but when the production of insulin is not enough to overcome the effect of the placental hormones, gestational diabetes results.

What are the risks factors associated with gestational diabetes?

Although any woman can develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy, some of the factors that may increase the risk include the following:

• obesity
• family history of diabetes
• having given birth previously to a very large infant, a still birth, or a child with a birth defect
• having too much amniotic fluid (polyhydramnios)
• age
  
  Women who are older than 25 are at a greater risk for developing gestational diabetes than younger women.

Although increased glucose in the urine is often included in the list of risk factors, it is not believed to be a reliable indicator for gestational diabetes.

How is gestational diabetes diagnosed?

Gestational diabetes maybe diagnosed with a 50 gram glucose screening test, which involves drinking a glucose drink followed by measurement of blood sugar levels after one hour.

If this test shows a blood sugar level of greater than 140 mg/dL, a three-hour glucose tolerance test may be performed after a few days of following a special diet. If results of the second test are in the abnormal range, gestational diabetes is diagnosed.

Treatment for gestational diabetes:

Specific treatment for gestational diabetes will be determined by your physician based on:

• your age, overall health, and medical history
• extent of the disease
• your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
• expectations for the course of the disease
• your opinion or preference

Treatment for gestational diabetes focuses on keeping blood glucose levels in the normal range. Treatment may include:

• special diet
• exercise
• daily blood glucose monitoring
• insulin injections

Possible complications for the baby:

Unlike type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes generally does not cause birth defects. Birth defects usually originate sometime during the first trimester (before the 13th week) of pregnancy. But, the insulin resistance from the contra-insulin hormones produced by the placenta does not usually occur until approximately the 24th week. Women with gestational diabetes generally have normal blood sugar levels during the critical first trimester.

The complications of gestational diabetes are usually manageable and preventable. The key to prevention is careful control of blood sugar levels just as soon as the diagnosis of gestational diabetes is made.

Infants of mothers with gestational diabetes are vulnerable to several chemical imbalances, such as low serum calcium and low serum magnesium levels, but, in general, there are two major problems of gestational diabetes: macrosomia and hypoglycemia.

• macrosomia
  
  Macrosomia refers to a baby that is considerably larger than normal. All of the nutrients the fetus receives come directly from the mother's blood. If the maternal blood has too much glucose, the pancreas of the fetus senses the high glucose levels and produces more insulin in an attempt to use this glucose. The fetus converts the extra glucose to fat. Even when the mother has gestational diabetes, the fetus is able to produce all the insulin it needs. The combination of high blood glucose levels from the mother and high insulin levels in the fetus results in large deposits of fat which causes the fetus to grow excessively large.
• hypoglycemia
  
  Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar in the baby immediately after delivery. This problem occurs if the mother's blood sugar levels have been consistently high, causing the fetus to have a high level of insulin in its circulation. After delivery, the baby continues to have a high insulin level, but it no longer has the high level of sugar from its mother, resulting in the newborn's blood sugar level becoming very low. The baby's blood sugar level is checked after birth, and if the level is too low, it may be necessary to give the baby glucose intravenously.

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Symptoms of Gestational Diabetes - Learn the Symptoms before it is Too Late

Gestational diabetes is one of the three types of diabetes, aside from type 1 and type 2. This afflicts non-diabetic pregnant women during the fifth or sixth month of pregnancy (weeks 24 and 28) and the symptoms are not usually specific and typically the same with that of other diabetes.



As the period of pregnancy progresses, the placenta which provides sustenance to the baby while inside the mother's womb produces more hormones. These hormones are blocking other hormones like prolactin, progesterone, cortisol, estrogen and lactogen resulting to insulin resistance.



The effect is gestational diabetes once the pancreas fails to produce the necessary insulin to transport the glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream to the muscle, fat and liver cells for body fuel. Gestational diabetes normally vanishes after giving birth but leaves the mother susceptible to type 2 diabetes.



Pregnant women may experience the common symptoms like:



• Frequent urination

• Abrupt weight gain

• Always feeling tired

• Dizziness especially when standing up

• Feeling hungry most of the time

• Blurred vision

• Urinary tract and vaginal infections



Quite a number of pregnant women are affected by gestational diabetes ranging from 3% to 5%. The women who have the most risk factors are those who are:

1. More than 30 years old at the time of pregnancy,

2. Suffering from overweight or obesity

3. With a family background of diabetes

4. With history of having given birth to a child over 9 pounds

5. With history of having given birth to a child with birth defect

6. Ascertained to have plenty of amniotic fluid,

7. With gestational diabetes in previous pregnancy

8. With high blood pressure



If the symptoms of gestational diabetes are already present, it can be diagnosed via glucose tolerance test starting on week 24 through week 28 or on the 13th week if the doctor sees that there is a risk that gestational diabetes will develop.



The glucose tolerance test requires the expectant mother to drink a solution of glucose (sugar). Blood will be taken from the arm's vein for checking of blood glucose level. It is assumed that no gestational diabetes exists if the blood glucose level is less than 140 mg/dl. On the other hand, if it is higher, a three-hour glucose tolerance test is needed.



The expectant mother will be allowed to eat 150 grams of carbohydrates, at the least, three days before the test. The objective is to get the fasting glucose level which will be compared with the normal blood sugar level to arrive at a conclusion whether there is gestational diabetes or not.



If any pregnant woman suspects that she has the symptoms of gestational diabetes, she should immediately go to her doctor for proper medical check-up. Gestational diabetes is not life-threatening and can be treated by having a planned diet, exercise, possible daily insulin injection, maintaining an ideal pregnancy weight and constant monitoring of glucose level.

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Pregnancy Complications: The Dangers of Unmanaged Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a condition that occurs to a woman during pregnancy and the disease accounts for approximately less than 5% of all pregnancies in the United States. The pregnancy manages to trigger factors that will eventually lead to gestational diabetes if the woman is not careful in monitoring her health. Women who have diabetes even before they get pregnant are different from those who develop gestational diabetes when they get pregnant.

It is therefore important that all pregnant mother participate in screening around the 25th to 28th week of pregnancy unless they are of known to be of higher risk when earlier consultation with obstetric team / diabetes management team at from 12-14 weeks is important.

The Effect Of Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes may be just for a limited amount of time but it can affect the health of the fetus or the mother if it is left untreated and unmanaged. There are several negative health implications for the fetus in particular if blood sugar levels remain uncontrolled throughout the pregnancy. Primarily the baby can suffer from several metabolic health complications. A condition known as macrosomia is common as a result of unmanaged blood sugar levels among newly born children. Macrosomia means the baby is born with an unusually high birth weight and it may cause complications during delivery. For instance, if your baby is very large, you may have a more difficult delivery or you may need a cesarean section.

Shortly after delivery, your baby may also have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) because his body will still be producing extra insulin in response to receiving extra glucose from you. Low blood sugar can cause several health complications for the baby and is usually treated in the hospital with either a high glucose drink or injection. ‘Respiratory Distress Syndrome' or other respiratory problems occur frequently in a child whose mother was diagnosed with gestational diabetes as well. A minor complication known as jaundice, which is characterized by the slight discoloration of the baby's eyes and skin, is also not unusual.

What can I do if I have gestational diabetes?

It's important that you control your blood sugar level. Controlling and monitoring blood glucose levels should be the cornerstone of any diabetes management regiment for women diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Women should use a blood glucose testing meter and test their blood sugar regularly, several times a day.

You can manage gestational diabetes by eating healthy foods, exercising regularly and, if necessary, taking medication. Taking good care of yourself can help ensure a healthy pregnancy for you and a healthy start for your baby.

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Diet for Gestational Diabetes - Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention Advice

Diet for gestational diabetes, this article is about the most suitable diet for women suffering from this rare disease, but it also gives information on the symptoms and causes, together with the treatment and prevention.

Diet

• Start the day with a small protein breakfast, for example eggs (not fried), brown bread and peanut butter
• Follow this with a small protein meal after 3 or 4 hours, maybe skinned fish, lean meat, eggs, nuts, cottage cheese, peanut butter
• Plenty of fruit, green and leafy vegetables
• Milk should be taken in moderation and preferably should be skimmed
• Sugar, sweeteners, sweets, pied, cakes, pastries, soft and fizzy drinks, marmalade and jams and cornstarch should be avoided,
• Definitely not allowed are all junk foods, packaged meals, frozen foods, canned fish and soup, butter, cheese, mayonnaise, margarine and thick and sour cream.
• Avoid cooking oils by steaming, baking grilling or boiling

Causes of Heart Attacks

Signs of Heart Attacks

What Causes Heart Attacks

Part of this diet for gestational diabetes is plenty of exercise

Symptoms

In fact symptoms for this type of diabetes are rare but they include, increased thirst, a need to urinate frequently, and extreme tiredness. Checking urine for glucose is a routine antenatal test and all mothers to be should have their blood sugar levels checked between 26 and 30 weeks into pregnancy. Is such a test identifies a raised glucose lever a more detailed test is recommended.

Why some women develop gestational diabetes and some don't is unknown, but the risk is increased if there is a family history of gestational diabetes, strangely if the mother to be has previously given birth to a large baby (eg over lb9 14), if there has previously been a still birth, the sufferer is overweight or obese or has polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Treatment of Gestational Diabetes

Sufferers will be referred to a specialist clinic and will have more frequent antenatal appointments. Blood sugar levers must be controlled which means regular test of blood sugar (glucose) levels and a carefully planned diet along the lines of the one already outlined. Regular but moderate intensity exercise such as walking or cycling can help to reduce blood sugar levers. About 30 minutes a day that gets the patient slightly breathless is recommended by the Dept of Health.

Prevention

A healthy lifestyle reduces the risk of developing any form of diabetes, as does eat ing a balanced diet and taking regular exercise and controlling weight which is more easily achieved by following the diet for gestational diabetes.

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